Knee replacement surgery is generally deemed appropriate when knee pain and impairment considerably impact an individual’s quality of life, and alternative treatments have not yielded satisfactory results. The following are the primary indicators.

• Severe Knee Pain and Stiffness: Discomfort continues even during periods of rest or sleep. Individuals may struggle with routine activities such as walking, ascending stairs, or rising from a seated position. This pain compromises both mobility and stability.
• Limited Mobility: There is a noticeable decrease in the range of motion, hindering the ability to flex or extend the knee. Stiffness remains unrelieved by physical therapy or medication.
• Chronic Inflammation and Swelling: There is ongoing swelling that does not diminish with rest or pharmacological treatment. Inflammation restricts knee movement and induces discomfort.
• Ineffective Non-Surgical Treatments: Pain continues unabated despite the use of medications, physical therapy, injections (such as corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid), or modifications to lifestyle.
• Joint Damage or Deformity: Imaging studies reveal considerable damage to the knee cartilage or bone, along with observable deformities, such as a bowing of the knee.
• Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid Arthritis: Severe forms of arthritis that result in joint damage and persistent pain may necessitate surgical intervention.
• Impact on Mental and Emotional Health: Ongoing knee pain can contribute to feelings of frustration, depression, or a diminished interest in daily activities.